The material
from the Copper and the Bronze Age was preserved by Bálint
Kuzsinszky for the succeeding generations. Sickles, Saw-blades, arms
and jewels were found at Kiliti and in Szigeti baulk. In Vadkacsás
baulk of Széplak 110 urn graves were discovered.
At the Iron
Age -at around 350 B.C.- came Celtic people to this area and it was
under their rule that the use of iron got wide-spread. Traces of a
Celtic settlement and silver coins were found on the eastern edge of
Szigeti baulk, close to the Jewish cemetery. (Dr. Károly Sági
archeologist, Keszthely).
A new
chapter started with the Roman occupation in the history of
Trans-Danubia. In order to defend the southern military roads,
establishing the Province of Pannonia, towns and roads became
vitally essential.
Roman
conquest got to the surroundings of our present town of Siófok in
the 1st century A.D. and this is the region where the road from
Sopianae (Pécs) lead across Tricciana (Ságvár) to Arrabona (Gyor).
According to the notes made by Sectus Aurelius Victor in the turn of
the 3rd-4th century Emperor Galerius had a dike built and made some
forests cleared in order to drain the moor-land of "Lacus Pelso" -it
is the Latin name for Balaton- in 292 A.D. He named the whole region
after his wife, Valeria.
One can read
in the deed of endowment of Tihany dated 1055, after the Hungarian
conquest, i.e. in the first Hungarian sporadic literary remains of
the language, the following sentence:
..."Rivulus namque, qui dicitur Fok fluens"....
It means: "The small brook called Fok also springs from the lake
mentioned above and is located where people can go across an ancient
bridge and a ford, too...."
That is to
say Fok is not mentioned as a village in the original deed of
endowment despite the fact that the word "river" refers to the
village. (Dr. László Erdélyi: Questionable deeds of the Abbey of
Tihany, HAS, 1909.)
Sources of
reference from the 11th-14th centuries mention seven settlements in
the surroundings of our present town of Siófok, along Fok, or as it
is called today Sió: Holovogy, Losta, Töreki, Kiliti, Fok, Igám and
Jód. As to these last two settlements, only their names have
remained in the name of some baulks or hills.
Based on
these descriptions, one can assume that two settlements might be the
same: Holovogy estate close to the ford in the ancient times and the
village of Fok was settled on the same location later on. The
village of Losta was settled on one of the isles of Siófok, along
the brook Fok in the Age of the Arpads.
The name of
the village Fok appears among the tax-paying settlements first in
1137, while the compound word of Siófok has been known since 1790.
After the
devastations caused by the Mongols Fok was reconstructed and a
parish was also established there. Its church was consecrated to
Peter and Paul. Until the Turkish conquest it was the district seat
of the archdeacon.
In 1541 the
Turkish invadors kept moving forward and after having seized
Szigetvár they reached Lake Balaton. In 1552 Veszprém was also
occupied and Fok along with its surroundings got also taken up.
Siófok was turned into a naval port and a fortification was erected
here. Besides the commandant of town two "aghas of the navy" were
also resided here. The Turkish fortification was established near
the present hospital on the "Hill of Granarium". (According to
unwritten tradition, not approved by archeology.)
The
country-side was liberated from the Turkish yoke in 1688. Fok got
into the possession of the collegiate church who installed settlers
there and in 1693 had a wooden church built for the inhabitants.
During
Rákóczi's fight for freedom Bottyán the Blind's famous Sió-line
stretched here and the final headstone was the fortification of
Siófok. The fortification was constructed on the location of the
fromer Turkish fortification, according to the French staff
engineer, De la Reviere's project.
In 1705
Ferenc Rákóczi II donated the village of Fok a seal serving today as
a basis for the present coat of arm.
In 1709,
after Bottyán's death the "labanc" armies (nickname of pro-Austrian
soldiers during the 18th century Hungarian wars of independence)
managed to capture the settlement.
In 1717, in
a contract concluded with the collegiate church of Veszprém, the
inhabitants of Fok managed to get the lease-holder status.
The parish
church of Baroque style consacrated to the Immaculate Conception of
the Blessed Virgin was erected in 1736.
In the
course of the 18th century before the blotting paper came into
general use, the fine sand of the shore at Siófok had been used as
writing-sand. Piling up fine quicksand was the occupation of young
girls and wives of Siófok.
The
settlement started to develop as of the years of the 1800s. The
Transylvania-Adria speed mail coach reached Siófok as of 1810.
(Note: since 1867 an independent post-office administration and
since 1946 a state post-office has been operating at Siófok).
The 19th
century was an important period in the regulation of water-ways. In
1810 Joseph, the palatine of Hungary appointed Joseph Beszédes to
accomplish the works of regulating the water-ways of Sárvíz. The
works of Sió Water-system completed between 1810-1825 on the
southern shore of Lake Balaton are as follows:
1. The mill
of Fok was pulled down (It burnt down in 1812 and it was not
restored any more.)
2. Sió bed was cleaned out.
3. The mills were adjusted.
4. the water-level of Lake Balaton fell one metre thus 51.000 acres
of dry land were gained.
5. By regulating Sió brook 6.000 acres of dry land were gained.
The epidemy
of cholera hit the settlement in 1831.
In 1842 the
Association for the Regulation of the Balaton Water was established
which buyed and pulled down the mill and dam of Kiliti, being the
biggest obstacles to water regulation. By the falling water level
another 6.000 acres were gained.
In the life
of the settlement an important change was brought by the foundation
of the Steamboating Incorporation of Balaton under the life
presidence of Earl Széchenyi in compliance with the rules of
association made by Lajos Kossuth in 1846. The paddle-steamer named
Kisfaludy was launched on water on September 21. Ádám Clark and
József Beszédes took part at the ceremony among others.
In the 1850s
the area of Siófok having belonged to Somogy County, got annexed to
Veszprém. The border was split by Sió brook.
In 1858
started the construction of the railway between Buda and Nagykanizsa
which was opened to the public in 1861.
The railway
embankment having started in 1858 also contributed to the
stabilization of the southern shore as filling up the banks of the
railway formed a real dam against the spring inundations. The
construction of the Southern railway started with an extremely low
water-level. It was thought that a bank of 88 cm high would offer
safety against inundation. The higher water levels in the years to
come damaged the banks several times: this is the way how the
"Southern Railway Sociatey" got a leading part in regulating the
lake.
On June 16,
1862, János Michel director on behalf of the railway offered to
accomplish the regulation works with his own engineers in compliance
with the projects of the Draining Association at the meeting on
Füred presided by Earl Zichy jr., government commissioner. The
chancellary gave instructions even in the same year to construct
Sió-Dike that was opened on October 25, 1863. The plans of the
construction were provided by George Türk, engineer of Kéthely. The
main goal with the dike was to lower the water level by at least one
metre as compared to the minimum level of December, 1862. (104.096 m
A.F. It is the "0" point of Siófok water measure even today.)
The dike was
in operation with larger and smaller reparations by 1891 when the
Board of Agriculture made a new, iron dike constructed instead of
the old, decayed wooden dike in 1893.
At Siófok
the railway station got finished in 1863 and by 1864 the harbour
defended by breakwaters was also completed. The year of 1863 is
considered to be the year of birth of Siófok as a holiday resort.
The year of
1865 is a remarkable anniversary in the history of Siófok as the
settlement of not more than 200 houses and 1500 inhabitants was
permitted to make country market thus it got the rank of
market-town.
In 1866 was
published the first announcement titled "Siófok, Bathing Resort of
Balaton" in Zala-Somogy Gazette. Ignác Végh leaseholder concluded an
agreement with the collegiate church of Veszprém on a 12-year rent
of bathing-place which was extended for another 12 years.
The
Bathing-house titled "Hungarian Sea" was constructed in 1878
according to the plans of Neuschlass constructing company, in the
Swiss style. The bathing-house had a richly ornamented facade, a
parlour for 100 persons, 80 bathing-boxes, a storied belvedere and
large windows opening to the water.
The
collegiate church of Veszprém started dividing the "estates of
ebbing" into lots. That is how the present holiday resort started
developing. It marks the fascinating and inspiring beauty of the
landscape that the majority of the first villa-owners were painters,
like Mór Than, Pál Vágó, Tivadar Feledi-Flesch (Mihály Zichy's
son-in-low), Arthur Tölgyessy.
In 1888 it
was Gábor Baross who granted a state loan to the reorganization of
the Steamboating Incorporation of Balaton. Steamboat Kelén was
launched on water in 1889 and renamed Baross in 1891. Helka and the
new Kelén got finished also that year.
The concern
called Siófok, Resort on Balaton established in April, 1891, bought
up the bathing licence from the collegiate church as well as a
60-acre moorland necessary for constructing buildings and parks. The
soggy and shrubby land was backfilled with earth. The head of the
concern, Henrik Glatz (1884-1905) was the founder of Franklin
Literature and Press Incorporation.
Some major
hotels were constructed at that time: Sió and Hullám and later the
Central Hotel. The new resort was opened with a gala ceremony on
July 18, 1893. It was on that occasion that the Minister of Inner
Affairs gave permission to use the name of "spa". Part of this
soothing atmosphere was the theatre life of Siófok starting in 1875
that attracted great personalities of the time.
The
hyppodrome was constructed in 1900 with its grand-stands for 1500
people and the targets of the Balaton cross-swimming race were also
set here. The swimming and tennis concours held each year also added
to the richness of the summer events at Siófok. Due to its busy
resort life, Siófok became a popular spa for artists, actors and the
upper-middle class of Budapest (Karinthy, Krúdy, Latabár).
At the end
of the World War II the settlement was badly damaged. The front-line
lasting here for two months destroyed or damaged a number of
buildings, villas, hotels, family houses, the ship-yard. By
destroying the road and railway bridge it made the reconstruction
works extremely difficult. After 1948 the settlement started to
develop in another direction.
Siófok
became the centre for holidays organized by companies and trade
unions. Its reconstructed summer houses, hotels and the new
canalization, sewage system the new water works have made the site
the biggest and most important resort receiving crowds of people
every summer.
Since 1950
the settlement has been belonging to Somogy County and has become a
seat of district rank.
It was in
1955 when the cult of Imre Kálmán started. the Tourism Office placed
a memorial tablet on the house of the district's great composer.
Tourism
started to develop in 1958 since when foreigners have been
returning. In 1962 started the construction of the hotel line and by
the mid-sixties the pride of "Silver Coast", the Hotel for
International Journalists was completed too. Services meeting with
the demands of the site have also been organized.
On December
29, 1968, Ferenc Jankó, president of the town committee took over
the deed of town rank set forth in the decision No. 20/1968 NET by
the Presidential Council.
The 400-bed
hospital was inaugurated. The education started developing.
The 70s were
the years of rapid development. The construction of the
infrastructure of town was almost finished. The Cultural Centre and
the library was opened to the public in 1976. At the beginning of
the 80s the town started to build up its international relationships
and to improve its connections with fraternal towns.
In 1988 the
local paper "Siófok News" was established.
New bridges were built across Sió for the traffic. In 1989 Sió TV
started to transmit its programmes. This institute is the first
local television with open transmission.
The "Society
for Preserving and Decorating the Town of Siófok" was given the
Water Tower, symbol of town for three years on the ground-floor of
which an exhibition has been installed.
As a result
of the local elections in 1990, an 18-member board of
representatives governed the town. The Mayor was Árpád Molnár and
the Notary was Dr. Tamás Pongor.
The town
keeps developing. BALATEL has settled a long-lasting problem of the
inhabitants and visitors by setting up a new telephone network.
In 1994 as a
result of the second local elections a 17-member board of directors
started to rule the town. The Mayor is Dr. Árpád Balázs. From 1995
to 1997 the Notary was Dr. Ildikó M. Horváth.
Owing to the
management profiting well from the endowments of the site, today it
is one of the towns the operation of which is not threatened, on the
contrary, it shows steady development.
The school
network has been enlarged. Besides the basic requirements, education
is also supported: in addition to the 8 kinder-gardens, 4 elementary
schools, 3 secondary schools and the music school in 1996 the local
faculty of tourism economy of the College János Kodolányi was
launched here.
Today Siófok
is one of the most important tourist centre, as it is said: "Siófok
is the capital of Lake Balaton." It has been made capital by its
public transport of high level and its shallow shore offering safe
bathing to holiday-makers. Besides the mild water of the lake
visitors coming here may enjoy the organized programmes and the
Hungarian hospitality as well.
The town
itself is an open-air exhibition with its sculptures and monuments
on public squares. (Among others one of the greatest Hungarian
contemporary sculptor, Imre Varga who was born at Siófok, exhibited
his sculpture of Imre Kálmán, titled "Vanishing Time".
In addition
to the historic buildings,some modern churches offer an exciting
sight by their queer architecture. Due to the development in recent
years the town has become a site of flowers and parks. An
outstanding park in town is the Millenium Park in front of the
railway station.
The town 106
kms far from Budapest can be easily reached by rail, road or air
from every direction.